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automatische Telefonzentrale - перевод на Английский
DUTCH SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION
Automatsiche TreinBeinvloeding; Automatische treinbeinvloeding; ATB-EG
automatische Telefonzentrale
automatic exchange, automated telephone exchange
automatic exchange
![A modern central office, equipped with voice communication and [[broadband]] data capabilities](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BDUK Broadband (14626513882).jpg?width=200 "A modern central office, equipped with voice communication and [[broadband]] data capabilities")
 (14569847558).jpg?width=200 "1922 diagram of 1877 Boston exchange")
![Second Avenue exchange, NYC, site of the [[1975 New York Telephone Exchange fire]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/East Village 20191129 - 06 - Second btwn 12 & 13.jpg?width=200 "Second Avenue exchange, NYC, site of the [[1975 New York Telephone Exchange fire]].")
.jpg?width=200 "1903 manual switch for four subscriber lines (top) with four cross-bar talking circuits (horizontal), and one bar to connect the operator (T). The lowest cross-bar connects idle stations to ground to enable the signaling indicators (F).")
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM USED IN PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORKS OR IN LARGE ENTERPRISES
Automatic telephone exchange; Telephone switch; Digital switch; Switching center; Private Integrated Services Network; Telecom switch; Telephone exchanges; Telephone switching; Central Offices; TDM switch; Local exchanges; Wire center; Telephone Exchange; Automatic exchange; Automatic telephony; Public telephone exchange; NXX; Central office switching; Central Office Switching; ATE (Telecommunications); Telephone switches; Telephone Exchanges; Switching facility; Local telephone exchange; Local exchange; Wire centre; Phone exchange; Central office (telecommunications); Digital switching system; Phone switch
automatische Telefonzentrale
Википедия
Automatische treinbeïnvloeding
Automatische TreinBeïnvloeding or ATB (English: Automatic Train Control) is a Dutch train protection system first developed in the 1950s. Its installation was spurred by the Harmelen train disaster of 1962.
ATB operates by the train collecting electrical signals from line-side apparatus and will override the driver's controls in the following situations:
- a) failure to reduce speed at a caution signal (ATB will slow the train sufficiently to stop at the next signal).
- b) failure to observe speed limit (ATB makes an immediate emergency brake application)
